A Single Item Operation, as it can operate on one and only one item in the table. Since an item is identified by its primary key, you MUST provide:
The Partition Key for an item if the table is defined with a simple primary key.
The Partition Key and the Sort Key if the table is defined with a composite primary key.
Under the covers a batch operation invokes the single item operation multiple times. The primary key for the items is specified in the batch operation parameter. This saves on the network back-and-forth overheads, as a result you will get better performance.